COPYRIGHT (C) 2010 J D FRODSHAM

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Late Harvest by J D Frodsham is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Australia License.
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Wednesday, January 20, 2010

By Imperial Order, Julian II Contemplates the Head of Gallus[1] (354 C.E.)





By Imperial Order, Julian II Contemplates the Head of Gallus[1] (354 C.E.)


Night! Nicomedia[2]. By the Western gate
My brother’s head- a warning on a spear.
Eyes raven-ravaged; blond curls inspissate
With blood clots; noseless; mouth agape with fear.
Crowned Lord of blowflies, he may contemplate
The crooked Eastern road that led him here,[3]
Moaning: ’Spare me!  My bitch wife[4] sealed my fate,
Eusebius.[5] I am Caesar!’ His sneer
And vicious, ice-blue stare still taint my dreams
Of boyhood in Bithynia[6], where we played
As wolves bloodied the empire. Did his screams
Trouble his kinsmen-killer?[7] I’m afraid!
Even God’s Son, nailed to his cross, now seems
Transfixed in terror at the world He made.


[1] Julian’s dissipated elder half-brother, Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus  (326-354).  Made Caesar (Vice-Emperor) from 351 to 354 by Constantius II, he was eventually lured away from his power base in Antioch (modern Syria) and executed in Pola (modern Pula, Croatia), when the paranoid Emperor suspected him of plotting against him.  His face may well have been mutilated before his beheading.
[2] Modern Izmit, Turkey. The eastern and most senior capital city of the Roman empire from 286-324 and interim capital city from 324 to 330, when Byzantium (Nova Roma) took its place.
[3] From Antioch, a major cultural and administrative centre on the Orontes, capital of Syria, and scene of Gallus’s misrule.
[4] Gallus’s wife, Constantina, eldest daughter of Constantine the Great, sister of Constantius II, had died of a fever in Bithynia just before the arrest of Gallus. The grief-stricken emperor, furious at hearing that Gallus had laid the blame for his misrule on her, ordered his execution. Though now venerated as a saint (!), Constantina, who was at least ten years older than Gallus and certainly controlled him, was likened by Ammianus Marcellinus in his History (book 14: The Cruelty of the Caesar Gallus)  to ‘a Fury in mortal form, incessantly adding fuel to her husband’s rage and as thirsty for human blood as she.’  Her hallowed, porphyry sarcophagus is now in the Vatican museum.
[5] The powerful Grand Chamberlain (Praepositus cubiculi)  responsible for the trial and execution of Gallus.  He is said to have ignored the emperor’s revocation of the order to execute Gallus. However, since Ammianus tells us that Constantius never revoked a death sentence, we may dismiss this as a Christian invention.
[6] A Roman province in modern Turkey, adjoining the Propontis, Thracian Bosporus and the Black Sea (Euxine).
[7] Constantius had been responsible for the murderous purge of the imperial family after the death of Constantine I., including Julian’s father.




COPYRIGHT (C) 2010 J D FRODSHAM

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